In fractured reservoir beds, fracture characteristics affect seismic wave response. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves. Basic overview of how they are used to determine the structure and properties of the layers of the earth. Model a best represents the motion of earthquake waves called 1 p waves compressional waves that travel faster than s waves shear waves shown in model b 2 p waves compressional waves that travel slower than s waves shear waves shown in. The wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the distance from one crest to the next crest.
The most important information on the constitution of the earths interior has been obtained from studies of seismic body waves longitudinal and. P waves travel faster if the earthquake is larger, whereas s waves are slowed down by larger earthquakes. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move the earth. Standard test methods for downhole seismic testing1. The plotting activity requires students to interpret. Seismic wave animations for the p, s, rayleigh and love waves have been created using a 3d grid shown in figure 1. Swaves, or secondary waves, are transverse waves that move slowly. This product is part of my earthquake interactive notebook bundle.
Since the compression wave is the fastest of the seismic waves, it is sometimes referred to as the primary wave and is usually morereadily identifiable within the seismic. What happens to s waves when they reach the boundaries of the earths structure. Body waves p waves compression wave the first kind of body wave is the p wave or primary wave. D the waves are really distorted in the front where the sound is and not in the back after the object moves away. Heasley professor mining engineering west virginia university morgantown, wv introduction one of the critical steps for a successful mine rescue operation is the fast and accurate determination of the location of trapped miners. Our online wave trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top wave quizzes. Seismic waves practice questions base your answer to question 1 on the diagram below, which shows models of two types of earthquake waves. Despite some similarities which water waves and seismic surface waves. Types of waves test questions other gcse physics single. Seismic waves viewer pages 27 seismic waves is an online program which illustrates. Choose from 500 different sets of quiz seismic waves flashcards on quizlet.
Seismic waves carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through earths interior, and across the surface. Feb 26, 2017 description of the properties of p primary and s secondary waves. They are the energy that travels through the earth and recorded on seismographs. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Animations of these images can be found in the folder noted on the first page of this activity. This quiz worksheet combo is designed to assess your understanding of the amount of damage caused by different seismic waves during an earthquake. Analyzing a seismogram of a recent minor earthquake in sumatra, a junior seismologist at the alt station for seismic studies notices that pwaves were first recorded at 12. A seismic station located 60 km from the epicenter of an earthquake, recorded the maximum height of the swaves to be 50 mm.
Go over key scientific facts about this type of wave by answering. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. This quiz and worksheet allow students to test the following skills. For the same fracture density, the variations of the velocity and amplitude of the primary wave and shear wave parallel and perpendicular to the fracture were observed by altering the. All wave types are designed to propagate in the x direction illustrated in figure 1 and parallel to the earths surface. Fractured models based on the hudsons fractured medium theory were constructed in our laboratory by a backfilling technique. Downhole receivers are used to detect the arrival of the seismic wave train. Model a best represents the motion of earthquake waves called 1 pwaves compressional waves that travel faster than swaves shear waves shown in model b.
Seismic waves are studied by geophysicists called seismologists. Seismic waves when an earthquake happens, it sends sound through the earth. Seismology and earths interior there are two categories of earthquake waves. Multiple choice questions for earthquakes chapter 16 each chapter will include a few questions designed to test your knowledge of material covered in the chapter and in the internetbased resources. Teco pile integrity test system hardware and software specification page 1 of 2 civil engineering instrumentation testconsult limited tel. They create most of the damage at the surface because they are the waves that produce the most ground movement and pass through an area the most slowly. Seismic wave propagation and earth models gfzpublic. Challenge your students to assist sir beno gutenbergs journey across the dreaded desert of the deathworm by using seismic wave data.
A wave can make a leaf bob up and down on the water, but it cannot move the leaf. Unit test sph3u grade 11 physics waves and sound unit test sph3u grade 11 physics waves and sound answer guide part 1. Waves, waves, waves quiz answers pdf teach engineering. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Which type of seismic wave can travel through solids only. The closest seismic station to the epicenter of an earthquake will record pwaves. The types of seismic waves are p waves which are longitudinal and s waves which are transverse. Rice4 abstract a new test, called the seismic cone penetration test scpt is described.
The downhole receivers may be positioned at selected test depths in a borehole or. As they travel through rock, the waves move tiny rock particles back and forth pushing them apart and then back together in line with the direction the wave is traveling. P waves are produced by earthquakes and re corded by seismographs. A small rugged velocity seismometer has been incorporated into an electronic cone penetrometer.
Seismic waves these are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Check out our new printable worksheet and game generator. The propagation velocity of seismic waves depends on density and elasticity of the medium as well as the type of wave. To use the worksheet, the phases must be set to show the phases on the earth. A seismograph records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as the move through. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the earth or along its surface. The arrival time of any wave is based upon the magnitude of the earthquake. The glauconitic sandstone reservoir shows significantly higher vs values than from the offreservoir shales at the same depth. Rock mass classification systems and seismic velocities. That sound bounces around and gets reflected by the layers in the earth.
This quest will allow students to calculate the average speed of seismic waves, specifically pwaves, through various substances such as basalt, granite, silica sand. How earthquakes move the earth lessonwaves, waves, waves quiz waves, waves, waves. Earthquakes and volcanoes 9 name date class wave detecting today, scientists use seismographs to observe and record seismic waves. The arrival time of any wave is based upon its speed.
Explain that the amplitude of seismic waves is related to the amount of energy released from the source and decreases with distance from the. Which type of seismic wave would cause the most damage. Seismology and earths interior body waves can travel deep. Body waves are further classified as primary or p waves, which are longitudinal waves that move fast. Primary waves or p waves are the fastest moving waves, traveling at 1 to 5 miles per second 1. The intensity of earthquake decreases as one moves away from the epicentre. Types of seismic waves there are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. Instead, they indicated the magnitude or direction of an. We will show that two types of solutions are possible, corresponding.
Body waves are further classified as primary or pwaves, which are longitudinal waves that move fast. The name p wave is often said to stand either for primary wave, as it has the highest velocity and is therefore the first to be recorded. When wave reflection occurs, the incoming wave approaching the barrier is called what. Instructions and worksheets follow seismic waves activity. P waves are faster, so they pull away form s waves with increasing distance from the epicenter. How earthquakes move the earth lesson waves, waves, waves quiz answers waves, waves, waves. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and prpagate along the earths surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. A seismic source is used to generate a seismic wave train at the ground surface offset horizontally from the top of a cased borehole. Learn quiz seismic waves with free interactive flashcards. What do seismic waves and sound waves have in common. Use the information below and the richter nomograms to fill in the chart. Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and travel outward on the earths surface from the epicenter much like ripples do from a stone thrown into water figure 3.
There are two kinds of body waves, and two kinds of surface waves. A collection of javascript utilities to be incorporated into scientific courseware. It is not the task of the new manual of seismological observatory practice nmsop, to. Earthquakes and seismic waves pages 5157 types of seismic waves pages 5253 key concept. Waves propagate out from the epicenter along the surface on a threedimensional view of the earth. Compare and contrast seismic waves to ripples on water. The demonstration makes very clear how s and p waves are produced and the follow up worksheet is designed to consolidate understanding. They reveal that the earth is multilayered, composed of the crust, mantle, outer core. A comprehensive database of more than 66 wave quizzes online, test your knowledge with wave quiz questions.
What type of seismic waves move at the greatest velocity speed 10. They dont need to be large faults such as the san andreas fault in california. These seismic waves are slower and arrive last but causes severe damage. Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Earthquakes week 3 lab quiz return to assessment list part 1 of 1 95. An earthquake is the shaking that results when rocks move inside earth. Start studying earthquakes and seismic waves 7th grade. Explain that the amplitude of seismic waves is related to the amount of energy released from the source and decreases with distance from the source. Seismic waves are earthquake generated and recorded on a seismograph. Seismic wave viewer, and to see the changes in space and time of earths earthquakes and volcanoes seismic eruption. This lesson includes the following main ideasvocabulary. Seismic waves lesson overview in this lesson, students will read from their textbook, take notes, compare and contrast, and use slinkys to learn about seismic waves.
Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus, through the earths interior, and across the surface. Because of the elastic properties of earth materials rocks. This product includes cornell notes, an activity, a presentation on the lesson, and a mini quiz built into the presentation on seismic waves. Surface waves can only travel very near the surface of the earth. Application of modern seismic methods for geotechnical. Before the nineteenth century, however, scientists used other types of instruments to study earthquakes. These seismic waves can vibrate up and down or side to side at a 90 degree angle to the direction they travel. The earthquake waves travel in all directions, but they have highest intensity at the epicenter. Seismology science dealing with earthquakes seismic engineering the discipline the aim of which is to construct infrastructures and buildings resistant to. Principles of the seismology and seismic engineering. Dec 11, 2017 here is a suite of resources based around earthquakes. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake toward the focus, through the earths interior, and across the surface. The precise speed that a seismic wave travels depends on several factors. Multiple choice questions for earthquakes chapter 16.
Analyzing a seismogram of a recent minor earthquake in sumatra, a junior seismologist at the alt station for seismic studies notices that p waves were first recorded at 12. Developed in the mid1970s to answer the need for a technique that could measure seismic shear wave velocities in deep, uncased boreholes, it was originally used by researchers at the oyo corporation of japan. Earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries, where. The wave animations illustrate wave characteristics and particle motion as listed in table 1. What does it mean when a wave s amplitude increases. Earthquakes and seismic waves westerville city school. A wave can make a leaf bob up and down on the water, but it cannot move the leaf toward the shore. Temperature tends to lower the speed of seismic waves. By measuring the time the sound takes to travel through the earth, scientists have discovered what the earths interior is made of. At the same time viewer can watch waves propagating through a cross. A the waves are moving like the ripples in a pond from a rock b there is a rainbow present in the sky. The energy of earthquakes moves away from the focus in all directions. Seismic wave speed seismic waves travel fast, on the order of kilometers per second kms. What do engineers build and use to test how well a.
How earthquakes move the earth lesson waves, waves, waves quiz waves, waves, waves. Multiple choice k, u circle the letter corresponding to the most correct answer. Pwaves primary and swaves secondary are example of surface. S waves, or secondary waves, are transverse waves that move slowly. The seismic wave equation using the stress and strain theory developed in the previous chapter, we now construct and solve the seismic wave equation for elastic wave propagation in a uniform whole space. How do rock particles move during the passage of a p wave through the rock. Suspension ps velocity logging is a relatively new method of measuring seismic wave velocity profiles. Wave type and names particle motion other characteristics p, compressional, primary, longitudinal. Seismic refraction sr p waves from surface 1 compression wave surface waves sasw r waves from surface 1 rayleigh wave. Seismic wave fields are recorded by a seismometer, hydrophone in water, or accelerometer. Rayleigh waves move along the surface of the earth forming a wave that is much like. Reading comprehension ensure that you draw the most important information from the lesson on seismic activity used to study.
How earthquakes move the earth lessonwaves, waves, waves quiz answers. Choose from 500 different sets of seismic waves flashcards on quizlet. This quiz and worksheet is a great way to test your knowledge of seismic waves. The p wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. Picking of p arrivals is much easier than sarrival identification since it is always the first wave usually sharply arriving at the geophone. According to their case study the authors recommend to use seismic velocities especially shear wave velocity to characterize the rock mass instead of classical rock mass classification systems. Learn seismic waves with free interactive flashcards. They can pass through solids, liquids and gases easily. What does it mean when a waves amplitude increases. Correlation of seismic pwave velocities with engineering.